{"id":8494,"date":"2016-02-03T12:58:01","date_gmt":"2016-02-03T12:58:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lab.wrkshp.fi\/huopaniemi\/?p=8494"},"modified":"2018-01-10T14:15:33","modified_gmt":"2018-01-10T12:15:33","slug":"2-4-frag-16-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/2-4-frag-16-r\/","title":{"rendered":"2.4 Fragment 16"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1><em>2.4<\/em> Fragment 16<\/h1>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 100%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style><div id=\"gallery-1\" class=\"gallery galleryid-8494 gallery-columns-1 gallery-size-large\"><dl class=\"gallery-item\"><dt class=\"gallery-icon landscape\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Fragment-16-1024x640.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-6499\" srcset=\"https:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Fragment-16-1024x640.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Fragment-16-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Fragment-16-768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"\/><\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class=\"wp-caption-text gallery-caption\" id=\"gallery-1-6499\">\n\t\t\t\tFragment 16\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\"><\/div>\n\n<p>Attached to <a href=\"http:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Fragment-16.jpg\">fragment 16<\/a> there could, in fact, be a passage from Carr&rsquo;s book, as it is in effect more an adaptation of Carr than Hayles (<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_note-2-4en\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The fact that there is no link above to a corresponding Hayles passage seems to also point to this possible interpretation. Fragment 16 is the third fragment&nbsp;that does not refer to any particular Hayles passage (see &amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/frag\/4\/&amp;quot;&amp;gt;1.4&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/frag\/10\/&amp;quot;&amp;gt;1.10&amp;lt;\/a&amp;gt;).&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/glossary\/2-4en1\/\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">2.4EN1<\/a>). In this fragment, DAR mimics&mdash;and, importantly, subtly parodies&mdash;Carr in their account of his critique of the Internet. The tension in <a href=\"http:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Fragment-16.jpg\">fragment 16<\/a> is, in my reading, between DAR&rsquo;s desire to represent Carr&rsquo;s argumentation fairly and to, on the other hand, distance themself from it through subtle parody.<\/p>\n<p>The question for DAR thus is, how to be (sufficiently) loyal to the source and, on the other hand, open up space for their own perspective to emerge. The key point that I base my reading on is the use of the adverb &ldquo;treacherously&rdquo; (see <a href=\"http:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Fragment-16.jpg\">fragment 16<\/a>). With this particular adverb, DAR describes the tone of Carr&rsquo;s portrayal of the neuropsychological effects of the Internet.<\/p>\n<p>Note that&nbsp;Carr does not once use the adjective &ldquo;treacherous&rdquo; nor the adverb &ldquo;treacherously&rdquo; in his book, which supports the interpretation that the choice of word speaks more of DAR&rsquo;s view&nbsp;of Carr rather than of Carr&rsquo;s view of the Internet. Despite Carr&rsquo;s severe critique of the Internet&mdash;or, more specifically, of how common ways of using the Internet are changing us for the worse&mdash;it is still a matter of interpretation to add an aspect of &ldquo;betrayal of trust&rdquo; or &ldquo;deceptive action or nature,&rdquo; as treachery is commonly defined, to this critique.<\/p>\n<p>Again, DAR appears to want&nbsp;to amplify&nbsp;the arguments of the text they are adapting. Compared to the Hayles adaptation, however, the&nbsp;style&nbsp;of adaptation is more parodic here, reflecting the manner in which DAR&rsquo;s relationship with Carr differs from their relationship with Hayles.&nbsp;Instead of trying to gauge how accurately DAR&rsquo;s summary (continued in <a href=\"http:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Fragment-17-1.jpg\">fragment 17<\/a>) represents Carr&rsquo;s arguments in all respects&mdash;for instance, in relation to attention and memory, which would quickly lead to the most central aspects of his critique&mdash;I will continue to zero in on individual words.<\/p>\n<p>This is because I want to apply here a similar form of selective reading, pecking, that I ask the performers of the artistic parts of this research&nbsp;to practice and that could, following Hayles&rsquo;s categorization, be called hyper reading (see <a href=\"http:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/frag\/14\/\">2.2<\/a>). In addition, I will use a simple form of machine reading (the search function) to identify what individual&nbsp;words reveal about Carr&rsquo;s critique and its links to DAR&rsquo;s adaptation. DAR, like Carr, uses the verb &ldquo;absorb&rdquo; to describe how the Internet incorporates other media (see <a href=\"http:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Fragment-16.jpg\">fragment 16<\/a>). The verb appears in Carr&rsquo;s book nine times, as the <em>find<\/em> function of the software I am using reveals (<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_note-2-4en\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;In addition to a print copy, I have at my disposal a digital copy of Carr&rsquo;s book, freely available on&nbsp;the Internet.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/glossary\/2-4en2\/\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>2.4EN2<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>Of these nine appearances, I consider the following passage to be the most relevant for the current discussion, not least because the verb appears in it&nbsp;twice: &rdquo;When the Net <em>absorbs<\/em> a medium, it re-creates that medium in its own image. It not only dissolves the medium&rsquo;s physical form; it injects the medium&rsquo;s content with hyperlinks, breaks up the content into searchable chunks, and surrounds the content with the content of all the other media it has <em>absorbed<\/em>. All these changes in the form of the content also change the way we use, experience, and even understand the content&rdquo; (<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_refer-fi cmtt_refer-en\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Carr, Nicholas. 2010.&nbsp;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;The Shallows:&nbsp;&amp;lt;\/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains&amp;lt;\/em&amp;gt;. New York &amp;amp;amp;&nbsp;London: W. W. Norton &amp;amp;amp; Company.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/glossary\/carr-2010\/\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Carr 2010<\/a>, 90, emphasis added).<\/p>\n<p>Why does&nbsp;DAR choose to use a verb that seems, in light of the passage cited above, to hold an important position in Carr&rsquo;s argument? In so doing, are they not echoing his view of a deforming, colonizing, and constricting Internet? Are we to understand that DAR, too, perceives of the Internet in this way? Or are they simply trying to convey the main points of the critique before asserting their own position on it?<\/p>\n<h3>Tidbits or Pellets<\/h3>\n<p>Before attempting to answer these questions, I will briefly look at two further points in <a href=\"http:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Fragment-16.jpg\">fragment 16<\/a>. First, the phrase &ldquo;information tidbits,&rdquo; present in DAR but absent in Carr. Tidbits are small pieces of information or food (often tasty). The closest match to tidbit in Carr is &ldquo;pellet,&rdquo; as in this passage: &ldquo;The Net&rsquo;s interactivity gives us powerful new tools for finding information, expressing ourselves, and conversing with others. It also turns us into lab rats constantly pressing levers to get tiny&nbsp;<em>pellets<\/em>&nbsp;of social or intellectual nourishment&rdquo; (Carr 2010, 117, emphasis added).<\/p>\n<p>As is known, a pellet is a small mass of food, usually intended for animals. It can also denote a bullet or a small mass of bones and feathers regurgitated by a bird. Rabbit and rodent feces are also called pellets. (In contrast, the Finnish &ldquo;pelletti&rdquo; refers to small, pressed pieces of animal feed, but also to combustible granules made of, among other things, cull lumber and peat.)<\/p>\n<p>Why, then, does&nbsp;DAR replace the more ambiguous and dirtier &ldquo;pellet&rdquo; with the more appetizing &ldquo;tidbit&rdquo;? To make a favorable statement about the usefulness of information available on the Internet? Or just to deviate from Carr&rsquo;s tone?<\/p>\n<p>The last point I would like&nbsp;to address here, in this brief&nbsp;sampling of keywords, is DAR&rsquo;s use of the verb &ldquo;compromise&rdquo; (see <a href=\"http:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Screenshot-2016-03-23-14.41.40.jpg\">fig. 2.4.1<\/a>, which shows a 2016 version of fragment 16, in which &ldquo;compromise&rdquo; is, interestingly enough, algorithmically translated as &ldquo;uhrata,&rdquo; the Finnish verb for &ldquo;sacrifice&rdquo;). DAR uses &ldquo;compromise&rdquo; to describe what the Internet is purportedly doing to our &ldquo;intellectual abilities.&rdquo; Somewhat surprisingly, the verb appears only three times in Carr&rsquo;s book. Of these three instances, I find this passage&nbsp;most relevant in this context: &ldquo;As the many studies of hypertext and multimedia show, our ability to learn can be severely&nbsp;<em>compromised<\/em>&nbsp;when our brains become overloaded with diverse stimuli online. More information can mean less knowledge&rdquo; (Carr 2010, 214, emphasis added).<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 100%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style><div id=\"gallery-2\" class=\"gallery galleryid-8494 gallery-columns-1 gallery-size-large\"><dl class=\"gallery-item\"><dt class=\"gallery-icon landscape\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/2-4-1en-1024x640.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-8659\" srcset=\"https:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/2-4-1en.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/2-4-1en-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/2-4-1en-768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"\/><\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class=\"wp-caption-text gallery-caption\" id=\"gallery-2-8659\">\n\t\t\t\tFig. 2.4.1 <em>Fragment 16 (2016).<\/em>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\"><\/div>\n\n<h3>The Researcher&rsquo;s Mimetic Game<\/h3>\n<p>As these hyper or machine read excerpts demonstrate, DAR, in their critique of the critique, ends up conforming to or accompanying Carr, rather than distancing themself from him. In order to access&nbsp;Carr&rsquo;s train of thought, to get a grasp of his argumentation&mdash;in other words, how he moves textually&mdash;, and, finally, in order to be able to deliver their own critique, it seems necessary for DAR to <em>en<\/em><em>act <\/em>Carr. A particular kind of assimilation or absorption is taking place, albeit very different from that between media: DAR must incorporate or embody Carr, albeit textually, before they can distance themself from him.<\/p>\n<p>In this sense, too, DAR&rsquo;s adaptation&mdash;of the passages from both Carr and Hayles&mdash;is performative. Writing with and against the other, DAR takes different forms in and through their text, mimics, embodies, and finally pushes the other further away (cf. <a href=\"http:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/1-12-frag-12\/\">1.12<\/a>). In this research, a similar back and forth movement between internalization and externalization manifests itself also in relation to the machinic other, of which the Internet is an integral part.<\/p>\n<div class=\"viitteet\">\n<h5>Notes<\/h5>\n<p>2.4EN1<\/p>\n<div class=\"glossary_itemdesc\">\n<p>The fact that there is no link above to a corresponding Hayles passage seems to also point to this possible interpretation. Fragment 16 is the third fragment&nbsp;that does not refer to any particular Hayles passage (see <a href=\"http:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/frag\/4\/\">1.4<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/frag\/10\/\">1.10<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>2.4EN2<br>\nIn addition to a print copy, I have at my disposal a digital copy of Carr&rsquo;s book, freely available on&nbsp;the Internet.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>2.4 Fragment 16 Attached to fragment 16 there could, in fact, be a passage from Carr\u2019s book, as it is in effect more an adaptation of Carr than Hayles (2.4EN1). In this fragment, DAR mimics\u2014and, importantly, subtly parodies\u2014Carr in their account of his critique of the Internet. The tension in fragment 16 is, in my [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[26],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8494"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8494"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8494\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20330,"href":"https:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8494\/revisions\/20330"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8494"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8494"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/actascenica.teak.fi\/huopaniemi-otso\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8494"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}