Nicholas Carr in The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains (2010) argues that [changes in brain functioning associated with web interactions] are imperiling our ability to concentrate, leading to superficial thought, diminished capacity to understand complex texts, and a general decline in intellectual capacity. He relates them to feelings of being constantly distracted, so that instead of focusing on a task for a relatively long time, one feels compelled to check e-mail, search the web, break off to play a computer game, and so forth. (Hayles 2012, 2)